Maps and Making Maps

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The earliest maps did not portray the world as it was but instead reflected the beliefs of those who made them. As people learned more about the world around them, maps became more realistic. By the Age of Exploration in Europe, ocean explorers used map making, or cartography, extensively to chart unfamiliar shores. Today, advances […]

Meet the Four Astronauts Who Will Fly Around the Moon

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To all space enthusiasts here, there’s another unprecedented moment in human history for you!  On April 3, 2023, NASA and the Canadian Space Agency announced the four astronauts who will venture around the moon for the Artemis 2 mission.  Artemis 2 is the second scheduled flight of NASA’s Artemis program, a series of ongoing complex […]

NASA’s Magellan Spacecraft Images Reveal Volcanic Activity On Venus

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Venus is the hottest and brightest planet on our planet, with a surface temperature of about 900 degrees Fahrenheit. Take note: this temperature is hot enough to melt lead. Imagine how hot that is! The planet is well-known for its crushing pressures, thick, toxic atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide, and yellowish sulfuric acid clouds. Not […]

St. Patrick’s Day: History and Traditions

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On March 17th of every year, people across the world celebrate St. Patrick’s Day, the feast day Ireland’s patron saint, St. Patrick.  There’s nothing quite like this holiday, with people wearing green and parades on every corner. People also often look for four-leaf clovers for good luck, dress as leprechauns with gold pots, and drink […]

How Did Birds Survive While Dinosaurs Went Extinct After The Asteroid Apocalypse?

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Today, about 10,000 bird species exist worldwide. But there are debates that the exact number could almost be twice that. These warm-blooded vertebrates are well-known for their colorful plumage, lightweight, smooth feathers for flight, harmonious songs, and amusing behaviors. But did you know that modern-day birds actually evolved from dinosaurs? Yes. You read that right.  […]

How Has The Earth’s Core Stayed As Hot As The Sun’s Surface For Billions Of Years?

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The Earth’s structure is divided into four main components: the crust, the mantle, and the inner and outer cores. If you think about it, our planet is a lot like an onion—made up of layers after another. The thin crust is the outermost layer, mostly made of solid rock, basalt, and granite. It’s the surface […]

An 8-year-old Boy Becomes The Youngest Person To Ascend El Capitan

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For hikers and mountaineers, El Capitan, or El Cap as it’s better known, is widely considered one of the most brutal climbs in the world. It’s also the world’s largest granite monolith (a large single upright block of stone), rising 3,600 feet on the north side of Yosemite Valley in Yosemite National Park. According to […]

Saturn’s Rings Could Be From The Remains Of A Destroyed Moon Named Chrysalis

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Saturn is a gas giant or a colossal planet mainly composed of helium (He) and hydrogen (H2). It’s the sixth planet from our Sun and the second-largest planet in the solar system.  Among the planets in our solar system, Saturn is considered the most beautiful. This is because of its thousands of unique, glorious rings […]

Artemis I Moon Mission: Everything You Need To Know

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To all space enthusiasts here, I have amazing news for you! The dawn of a new era of moon exploration begins again, 50 years after the last Apollo mission. NASA’s Artemis program plans to take humankind’s next giant leap and return to the Moon. They are launching the first stage, Artemis 1, which is among […]

NASA’s DART Mission Will Crash A Spacecraft Into A 525-Foot-Wide Asteroid

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Asteroids often get close to Earth every day but rarely does one touch the ground. But did you know that the last known catastrophic impact event on our planet was about 66 million years ago? It’s not entirely known—the exact number of asteroids or meteorites hitting the Earth daily. However, experts estimate that about 10 […]

Haikouichthys: The First Known Fish That Lived On Earth

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We think that life began on Earth at least 3.5 to 4 billion years ago. This is because the oldest evidence of life form recorded is a 3.49-billion-year-old microscopic fossil. The remains of the Stromatolites or microbial reefs created by cyanobacteria were found in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. This oldest fossil ever discovered […]

Meteors, Meteoroids, and Meteorites, Oh My!

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Meteoroids – Drifting through space. Meteoroids are pieces of space debris that come in a wide range of sizes and categories- from microscopic specks of cosmic dust to boulders several feet across! Meteoroids that enter the Earth’s atmosphere are called meteors. If you have ever watched a “Shooting star” dart across the sky, you have […]

Scaly-foot Snail: The Snail with Iron Armor

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Snails are well-known for one of their striking physical features—the spiral shell they load on the back. But have you ever heard of a snail with a shell made out of iron? If you haven’t yet, let me introduce this remarkable creature, the Scaly-foot snail. Chrysomallon squamiferum, most commonly known as a scaly-foot snail, is […]

Apollo 11- #7 Frozen Slug

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After eight challenging years and countless hours, man was finally on the moon. Flight Director Gene Kranz would soon “go around the horn” for the first Stay/No Stay decision. “You know, they landed, and everybody’s cheering and everything and then all of a sudden somebody notices something’s gone wrong. Temperature’s building up. Uh-oh! It shouldn’t […]